CISC 7700X Midterm Exam 1.c 2.c 3.d; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raven_paradox 4.d 5.a 6.e: Consider extreme case of nobody being vaccinated; we'd expect nobody to die of the vaccine, but 2000 to die from smallpox. Even if 90% are vaccinated, we'd expect 90 deaths from vaccine, and 200 from smallpox. 7.c 8.b 9.b 10.d 11.e. p(x|y) = p(x,y)/p(y) is definition of conditional probability. 12.a 13.b 14.a 15.d 16.a 17.b 18.c 19.d 20.c